Sir John Newman was a prominent 19th-century theologian and educator, known for his role in the Oxford Movement, which aimed to reform the Church of England. He was born on February 21, 1801, in London and later became a cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church. His writings, particularly "Apologia Pro Vita Sua," reflect his deep spiritual journey and intellectual rigor. Newman founded the University of Birmingham in 1900, emphasizing the importance of higher education. He was canonized as a saint by the Catholic Church in 2019, recognizing his contributions to theology and education. His legacy continues to influence religious thought and academic institutions today.