The Sieve of Sundaram is a mathematical algorithm used to find all prime numbers up to a specified integer. It works by eliminating numbers that can be expressed in a specific form, ultimately leaving behind numbers that correspond to prime numbers. This method is efficient for generating a list of primes and is particularly useful for smaller ranges. Developed by Indian mathematician S. P. Sundaram in 1934, the sieve operates by creating a list of integers and systematically removing those that can be formed by the equation i + j + 2ij. The remaining numbers can then be transformed to yield the prime numbers, making it a valuable tool in number theory.