A mathematical algorithm is a step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a specific problem or performing a calculation. It provides a clear set of instructions that can be followed to achieve a desired outcome, often involving numbers or mathematical operations. Algorithms are fundamental in various fields, including computer science, engineering, and data analysis. These algorithms can range from simple tasks, like adding two numbers, to complex processes, such as sorting data or finding the shortest path in a network. They are essential for developing software and applications, making them a crucial part of modern technology and problem-solving in everyday life.