A shock wave is a type of disturbance that travels through a medium, such as air or water, at a speed greater than the speed of sound in that medium. It occurs when an object moves rapidly, creating a sudden change in pressure and temperature. This phenomenon is commonly associated with events like explosions or the sonic boom produced by aircraft flying at supersonic speeds. Shock waves can also be observed in various scientific fields, including physics, engineering, and medicine. In medicine, shock waves are used in treatments like lithotripsy, which breaks down kidney stones. Understanding shock waves helps in designing safer vehicles and improving medical technologies.