Shigella is a type of bacteria that causes an infectious disease known as shigellosis. This illness primarily affects the intestines, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, and stomach cramps. It is highly contagious and can spread through contaminated food, water, or direct contact with an infected person. The bacteria are often found in areas with poor sanitation and can be particularly dangerous for young children and those with weakened immune systems. Treatment typically involves hydration and, in some cases, antibiotics to help reduce the severity and duration of the illness.