Sheaf Cohomology is a mathematical tool used in algebraic geometry and topology to study the properties of sheaves, which are mathematical objects that systematically track local data attached to the open sets of a topological space. It provides a way to compute global sections of sheaves, helping to understand how local data can be pieced together to form global information. The cohomology groups derived from sheaves reveal important topological and geometric features of the underlying space. These groups can indicate the existence of global sections, the number of holes in a space, and other significant properties, making Sheaf Cohomology a vital concept in modern mathematics.