Cohomology Theory is a branch of mathematics that studies the properties of topological spaces through algebraic structures. It assigns a sequence of abelian groups or vector spaces to a topological space, allowing mathematicians to analyze its shape and features. This theory is particularly useful in areas like algebraic topology and differential geometry. One of the key concepts in cohomology is the Chern classes, which relate to the curvature of vector bundles. Cohomology also connects to homology, another fundamental concept in topology, providing deeper insights into the structure and classification of spaces.