The Shapley Value is a concept from cooperative game theory that helps distribute a total payoff among players based on their individual contributions. It calculates how much each player contributes to the overall success of a coalition, ensuring that everyone is rewarded fairly for their efforts. Developed by mathematician Lloyd Shapley in 1953, the Shapley Value considers all possible combinations of players and their contributions. This method is widely used in economics, political science, and various fields to analyze situations where collaboration leads to shared benefits, providing a systematic way to allocate resources or rewards.