A coalitional game is a type of game theory model where players can form groups, or coalitions, to achieve better outcomes than they could individually. The focus is on how these coalitions can work together to maximize their collective payoff, rather than just competing against each other. In coalitional games, the value of a coalition is determined by the total benefit that the members can achieve together. This approach is often used in economics and political science to analyze situations where collaboration leads to improved results, such as in business partnerships or political alliances.