Lloyd Shapley was an American mathematician and economist, known for his significant contributions to game theory. Born on June 2, 1923, he played a crucial role in developing concepts such as the Shapley value, which helps to fairly distribute payoffs in cooperative games. His work has influenced various fields, including economics, political science, and evolutionary biology. In 2012, Shapley was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for his research on matching theory, which examines how to optimally pair agents in markets. He passed away on March 12, 2021, leaving behind a legacy that continues to impact economic and mathematical research.