Shape optimization is a mathematical and engineering process aimed at improving the design of an object to achieve better performance or efficiency. This involves adjusting the shape of structures, such as aircraft wings or bridges, to minimize weight, reduce drag, or enhance strength while maintaining functionality. The process often uses computational methods and algorithms to analyze how changes in shape affect various factors, such as aerodynamics or stress distribution. By iteratively refining the design, engineers can create shapes that meet specific performance criteria, leading to innovations in fields like automotive design and architecture.