Shading models are techniques used in computer graphics to simulate how light interacts with surfaces. They help create realistic images by determining how colors and brightness appear based on light sources, surface properties, and viewing angles. Common shading models include Phong shading, Gouraud shading, and Flat shading, each offering different levels of detail and computational efficiency. These models are essential in various applications, from video games to animated films, as they enhance visual realism. By using shading models, artists and developers can create more immersive environments, making objects appear three-dimensional and lifelike, which is crucial for engaging user experiences.