Flat shading is a technique used in computer graphics to give 3D models a simple, stylized appearance. Instead of using smooth gradients to represent light and shadow, flat shading assigns a single color to each polygon or face of the model. This creates a more geometric look, emphasizing the shape and structure of the object. This method is often used in video games and animations where a retro or minimalist aesthetic is desired. By reducing the complexity of lighting calculations, flat shading can improve performance, making it suitable for real-time applications. It is commonly associated with styles seen in pixel art and low-poly models.