Sequencing techniques are methods used to determine the order of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule. These techniques are essential for various applications in genetics, such as identifying genetic disorders, studying evolutionary relationships, and conducting genomic research. Common sequencing methods include Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS), each with its own advantages and limitations. Sanger sequencing is a traditional method that uses chain-terminating inhibitors to produce DNA fragments of varying lengths, which are then analyzed to reveal the sequence. In contrast, next-generation sequencing allows for the simultaneous sequencing of millions of fragments, significantly increasing throughput and reducing costs, making it a popular choice for large-scale genomic studies.