Semipalatinsk is a city in eastern Kazakhstan, located near the banks of the Irtysh River. Founded in 1718, it has a rich history and was an important administrative center during the Russian Empire. Today, it is known for its diverse culture and as a hub for education and industry. The city is also historically significant due to its proximity to the Semipalatinsk Test Site, where the Soviet Union conducted nuclear tests from 1949 to 1989. This testing had a profound impact on the local environment and population, leading to ongoing health and ecological concerns.