The Seljuk dynasty was a medieval Turko-Persian empire that emerged in the 11th century. It played a significant role in the history of the Middle East by expanding its territory across parts of Iran, Iraq, and Anatolia. The dynasty is known for its contributions to culture, architecture, and the spread of Islam. The Seljuks were originally nomadic warriors who converted to Islam and established a powerful state. They are recognized for their military prowess and for fostering a flourishing of art and science, particularly during the reign of Malik Shah. The dynasty eventually fragmented into smaller states, paving the way for the rise of the Ottoman Empire.