Seismic loads refer to the forces that buildings and structures must withstand during an earthquake. These forces arise from the ground shaking caused by tectonic plate movements. Engineers consider seismic loads when designing structures to ensure they can remain safe and stable during such events. To calculate seismic loads, factors like the building's location, height, and materials are taken into account. The International Building Code provides guidelines for determining these loads, helping architects and engineers create safer buildings in earthquake-prone areas. Proper design can significantly reduce the risk of damage and protect lives during seismic events.