The Second Portuguese Republic was established in 1910 after the overthrow of the monarchy in Portugal. It marked a significant shift towards a democratic government, promoting civil liberties and political participation. The republic faced numerous challenges, including political instability, economic difficulties, and social unrest, which led to frequent changes in government. Despite its initial promise, the Second Portuguese Republic struggled to maintain order and unity. In 1926, a military coup ended the republic, leading to the establishment of a dictatorship under António de Oliveira Salazar. This period ultimately transitioned into the Estado Novo, a corporatist regime that lasted until the 1974 Carnation Revolution.