The Second Intifada, also known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada, was a Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation that began in September 2000. Triggered by a visit from Israeli politician Ariel Sharon to the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, the conflict escalated quickly, leading to widespread violence and protests. This uprising lasted until around 2005 and resulted in significant casualties on both sides. The Palestinian Authority and various militant groups were involved, and the conflict highlighted deep-seated issues related to land, sovereignty, and national identity in the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict.