The Second Fleet was a group of ships that transported convicts from England to the Australian colony of New South Wales in 1790. It consisted of eleven vessels, including the famous Lady Penrhyn, and carried around 1,000 convicts, along with supplies and crew members. The fleet was sent to support the struggling first settlement established by the First Fleet in 1788. The journey of the Second Fleet was marked by significant hardships, including poor conditions and high mortality rates among the convicts. Approximately one-third of the convicts died during the voyage, leading to criticism of the British government's management of transportation. The fleet's arrival highlighted the challenges of establishing a sustainable colony in Australia.