The Second Carlist War (1872-1876) was a conflict in Spain between supporters of the Carlist cause, led by Carlos VII, and the Spanish government. The Carlists sought to establish a traditional monarchy under the rule of Carlos, opposing the liberal government of Isabella II and her successors. The war was marked by guerrilla warfare and significant battles, particularly in the Basque Country and Catalonia. The war ended with the defeat of the Carlists, leading to the consolidation of the Spanish state under a constitutional monarchy. The conflict had lasting effects on Spanish politics and society, contributing to regional tensions and the ongoing struggle between traditionalism and modernity in Spain.