Seafloor Massive Sulfides (SMS) are mineral deposits found on the ocean floor, primarily formed at hydrothermal vent systems. These deposits consist mainly of sulfide minerals, such as chalcopyrite and pyrite, and are rich in metals like copper, zinc, and gold. They form when hot, mineral-laden water from the Earth's interior meets cold seawater, causing minerals to precipitate and accumulate. SMS are important for both ecological and economic reasons. They support unique ecosystems, hosting diverse marine life, including tube worms and crabs. Additionally, SMS are of interest for mining due to their high metal content, which can be extracted for various industrial uses.