Sculptural techniques refer to the various methods used to create three-dimensional art. Common techniques include carving, where material like stone or wood is removed to form a shape, and modeling, which involves shaping materials like clay or wax by hand. Other methods include casting, where a liquid material is poured into a mold, and assemblage, which combines different objects to create a sculpture. These techniques can be used to express a wide range of ideas and emotions. Artists may choose to work in styles such as realism, abstract, or surrealism, each offering unique ways to interpret the world. The choice of technique often influences the final appearance and meaning of the sculpture.