The School of Salamanca was a group of scholars in the 16th and 17th centuries in Spain, primarily associated with the University of Salamanca. They are known for their contributions to philosophy, theology, and economics, particularly in the areas of natural law and human rights. Key figures included Francisco de Vitoria and Luis de León, who emphasized the importance of reason and ethics in understanding human behavior. Their ideas laid the groundwork for modern concepts of international law and economic theory, influencing later thinkers and shaping discussions on morality and justice.