A scheduling algorithm is a method used by operating systems to manage the execution of processes. It determines the order in which tasks are executed, ensuring efficient use of CPU time and resources. Common types of scheduling algorithms include First-Come, First-Served, Shortest Job Next, and Round Robin, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.
These algorithms aim to optimize various performance metrics, such as throughput, turnaround time, and response time. By effectively scheduling processes, the operating system can improve overall system performance and user experience, allowing multiple applications to run smoothly without significant delays.