Scalene muscles are a group of three pairs of muscles located in the neck: the anterior scalene, middle scalene, and posterior scalene. They play a crucial role in the movement and stability of the neck, helping to flex and rotate the head. Additionally, they assist in elevating the first and second ribs during breathing. These muscles are important for various activities, including breathing and neck mobility. They are innervated by the cervical spinal nerves and can be affected by tension or injury, leading to discomfort or pain in the neck and shoulders. Proper stretching and strengthening can help maintain their function.