Saparmurat Niyazov was the first President of Turkmenistan, serving from 1990 until his death in 2006. He was a prominent figure in the country's transition from a Soviet republic to an independent nation. Niyazov established a personality cult, promoting himself as the "Turkmenbashi," or "Leader of the Turkmen." During his presidency, Niyazov implemented a series of controversial policies, including the suppression of political opposition and strict control over media. He also initiated grand infrastructure projects and promoted a unique version of Turkmen culture, which included the creation of a national holiday in his honor.