Samuel Rutherford was a 17th-century Scottish theologian and minister known for his influential writings and strong advocacy for the Presbyterian form of church governance. He was born in 1600 and became a prominent figure during the Scottish Reformation, contributing significantly to the development of Reformed theology. Rutherford is best known for his book, "Lex, Rex," published in 1644, which argued for the rule of law and the rights of the people against tyranny. He served as a professor at St. Andrews University and was a key figure in the Westminster Assembly, helping to shape the future of the Church of Scotland.