Samuel Pufendorf (1632-1694) was a German philosopher and jurist known for his contributions to natural law and political theory. He emphasized the importance of social contracts and the role of reason in understanding moral and legal principles. His works laid the groundwork for later thinkers in the Enlightenment, influencing ideas about individual rights and governance. Pufendorf's most notable work, De Jure Naturae et Gentium, explored the laws of nature and nations, arguing that human beings are inherently social and must cooperate for mutual benefit. His ideas helped shape modern concepts of international law and ethics, making him a significant figure in legal philosophy.