The "Saltpeter Era" refers to a historical period in the 19th century when the production and trade of saltpeter, a key ingredient in gunpowder, became significant. This era was marked by the extraction of saltpeter from natural deposits, particularly in regions like Chile, which became a major supplier. The demand for saltpeter surged due to its use in military applications and the growing industrialization of warfare. During the Saltpeter Era, countries sought to secure their own supplies of saltpeter to support their military needs. This led to geopolitical tensions and conflicts, as nations competed for control over saltpeter resources. The era also influenced advancements in chemistry and explosives, shaping modern warfare and industry.