The Industrial Era refers to a period of significant economic and technological change that began in the late 18th century and continued into the 19th century. This era marked the transition from agrarian societies to industrialized ones, characterized by the rise of factories, mass production, and the use of machinery. Key innovations included the steam engine and the spinning jenny, which revolutionized manufacturing processes. During the Industrial Era, urbanization increased as people moved to cities for work, leading to the growth of urban centers. This period also saw the emergence of new social classes, such as the industrial working class and the bourgeoisie. Notable figures like James Watt and Henry Ford played crucial roles in advancing industrial technology and practices.