SFTPB, or Surfactant Protein B, is a protein that plays a crucial role in the lungs. It is part of a group of proteins known as surfactant proteins, which help reduce surface tension in the alveoli, the tiny air sacs in the lungs. This function is essential for proper lung function and helps prevent the collapse of these air sacs during breathing. SFTPB is produced by type II alveolar cells in the lungs and is vital for maintaining respiratory health. Deficiencies or mutations in the SFTPB gene can lead to serious lung diseases, such as neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, affecting newborns and requiring medical intervention.