type II alveolar cells
Type II alveolar cells, also known as type II pneumocytes, are specialized cells located in the alveoli of the lungs. They play a crucial role in the respiratory system by producing and secreting surfactant, a substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli. This helps prevent the alveoli from collapsing during exhalation, ensuring efficient gas exchange.
In addition to surfactant production, type II alveolar cells are involved in the repair and regeneration of the alveolar epithelium. When the lung tissue is damaged, these cells can proliferate and differentiate into type I alveolar cells, which are essential for gas exchange. This regenerative ability is vital for maintaining lung health.