Ruthenium catalysts are chemical compounds that contain the element ruthenium, a transition metal. They are widely used in various chemical reactions to speed up processes without being consumed in the reaction. These catalysts are particularly valuable in organic synthesis, where they help create complex molecules more efficiently. One of the key advantages of ruthenium catalysts is their ability to facilitate reactions under mild conditions, reducing the need for harsh chemicals or extreme temperatures. This makes them environmentally friendly and cost-effective options in industries such as pharmaceuticals and materials science, where they contribute to the development of new products.