The Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) was a conflict between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. It began in April 1877 and ended in March 1878, primarily over issues related to the independence of Balkan nations and the treatment of Christians under Ottoman rule. The war saw significant battles, including the Siege of Plevna, and resulted in a decisive Russian victory. The war concluded with the Treaty of San Stefano, which granted independence to several Balkan states, including Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro. However, the treaty was later revised at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, leading to further territorial changes in the region.