The term "Russian Emperors" refers to the rulers of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1721 until the abdication of Nicholas II in 1917. The first emperor was Peter the Great, who transformed Russia into a major European power. The emperors held absolute power and were often seen as both political and spiritual leaders. Throughout their reigns, the Russian emperors expanded the empire's territory and influence, engaging in numerous wars and diplomatic efforts. Notable emperors include Catherine the Great, known for her cultural contributions, and Alexander II, who implemented significant reforms, including the emancipation of serfs in 1861.