Peter the Great was the Tsar of Russia from 1682 until his death in 1725. He is best known for his extensive reforms that modernized Russia, transforming it into a major European power. His efforts included modernizing the army, developing a navy, and reforming government institutions. Peter also founded the city of Saint Petersburg, which became the new capital of Russia. He traveled to Western Europe to learn about shipbuilding and military tactics, bringing back ideas that would help shape the future of Russia. His reign marked a significant turning point in Russian history.