Runtime Optimization refers to techniques used to improve the performance of a program while it is executing. This can involve reducing the time it takes for a program to run or minimizing the resources it consumes, such as memory and processing power. By analyzing how a program operates during execution, developers can identify bottlenecks and make adjustments to enhance efficiency. Common methods of Runtime Optimization include code refactoring, algorithm improvements, and using efficient data structures. Additionally, tools like Just-In-Time (JIT) compilers can dynamically optimize code as it runs, further enhancing performance. These optimizations help ensure that applications run smoothly and responsively.