The Royal Library of Ashurbanipal is an ancient collection of texts located in Nineveh, the capital of the Assyrian Empire. Established during the reign of King Ashurbanipal in the 7th century BCE, it is one of the earliest known libraries in history. The library housed thousands of clay tablets inscribed with cuneiform writing, covering various subjects such as literature, science, and religion. The most famous work found in the library is the Epic of Gilgamesh, a significant piece of ancient literature. The library served as a center for knowledge and scholarship, preserving important texts that provide insight into Mesopotamian culture and history.