Routing systems are essential for directing data packets across networks. They determine the best paths for data to travel from one point to another, ensuring efficient communication. These systems use algorithms and protocols to analyze network conditions and make real-time decisions about data flow. In computer networks, routing systems can be classified into two main types: static routing and dynamic routing. Static routing involves manually setting paths, while dynamic routing automatically adjusts based on current network traffic and conditions. Common protocols used in dynamic routing include RIP, OSPF, and BGP, which help maintain optimal data transmission.