Roughness parameters are quantitative measures used to describe the texture of a surface. They help in assessing how smooth or rough a surface is, which can affect its performance in various applications. Common roughness parameters include Ra (average roughness), Rz (average maximum height of the profile), and Rq (root mean square roughness). These parameters are essential in fields like manufacturing, engineering, and materials science. These measurements are typically obtained using specialized instruments called profilometers, which can provide detailed surface profiles. Understanding roughness parameters is crucial for ensuring proper adhesion, wear resistance, and overall functionality of components in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and electronics.