The Roman School refers to a group of composers and musicians active in Rome during the late 16th and early 17th centuries. This movement is characterized by its emphasis on polyphony, where multiple independent melodies are sung or played simultaneously. Notable figures include Palestrina, whose works exemplified the style, and Victoria, who contributed significantly to sacred music. The Roman School played a crucial role in the development of Renaissance music, influencing the transition to the Baroque period. Its focus on clarity of text and emotional expression laid the groundwork for future musical innovations, impacting composers across Europe.