Roman naming conventions typically consisted of three parts: the praenomen, nomen, and cognomen. The praenomen was the personal name, similar to a first name, while the nomen indicated the family or clan, akin to a last name. The cognomen served as a nickname or additional identifier, often reflecting a particular trait or achievement. In some cases, Romans also used a fourth name, called an agnomen, which was added later in life to honor a significant event or accomplishment. This system allowed for a clear distinction between individuals, families, and their lineage within Roman society.