Roman fortifications were military structures built by the Roman Empire to protect their territories and control borders. These fortifications included walls, towers, and gates, often constructed from stone or earth. They were strategically placed to defend against invasions and to house soldiers, ensuring the safety of nearby settlements. The design of Roman fortifications varied depending on the location and threat level. Many forts, known as castra, featured a rectangular layout with a central courtyard and barracks for troops. The walls were often reinforced with watchtowers, allowing for better surveillance and defense against potential attackers.