The Roman Conquest of Britain began in AD 43 under Emperor Claudius. The Romans aimed to expand their empire and establish control over the island, which was inhabited by various Celtic tribes. The conquest involved military campaigns led by generals like Aulus Plautius, who successfully captured key territories, including Camulodunum (modern-day Colchester), which became the first Roman capital in Britain. Over the next few decades, the Romans faced resistance from local tribes, such as the Iceni led by Boudica. Despite these challenges, the Romans established a significant presence, building roads, towns, and forts, which laid the foundation for Roman Britain that lasted nearly four centuries.