Robot programming is the process of creating instructions that a robot follows to perform specific tasks. This involves writing code using programming languages like Python, C++, or Java, which tell the robot how to move, sense its environment, and interact with objects. Robots can be programmed for various applications, such as manufacturing, healthcare, and exploration. By using algorithms and machine learning, programmers can enhance a robot's ability to adapt to new situations and improve its performance over time. This makes robot programming a crucial skill in the growing field of automation and robotics.