Robert Nivelle was a French general during World War I, known for his role in the war's later stages. Born on October 15, 1856, he became famous for his leadership during the Battle of Verdun and the Nivelle Offensive in 1917, which aimed to break the stalemate on the Western Front. Nivelle's strategies were initially met with optimism, but the offensive ultimately resulted in heavy casualties and limited gains. His approach led to criticism and discontent among troops, contributing to mutinies in the French army. He was eventually replaced by Philippe Pétain in 1917.