Rice production involves the cultivation of the Oryza sativa plant, which is a staple food for over half of the world's population. The process begins with land preparation, followed by planting seeds in flooded fields, known as paddies. Rice requires warm temperatures and ample water, making it well-suited for tropical and subtropical regions. After planting, farmers manage the crop by controlling water levels, applying fertilizers, and protecting against pests. Harvesting typically occurs 3 to 6 months after planting, depending on the variety. Once harvested, the rice is dried, milled, and packaged for distribution, contributing significantly to global food security.