Rho GTPases are a family of proteins that play a crucial role in regulating various cellular processes, including cell shape, movement, and division. They act as molecular switches, toggling between an active and inactive state, which allows them to control signaling pathways within the cell. These proteins are part of the larger Ras superfamily and are involved in processes such as cytoskeletal dynamics and gene expression. By interacting with other proteins, Rho GTPases help coordinate responses to external signals, influencing how cells respond to their environment and maintain their structure.