Retinoblastoma is a rare type of eye cancer that primarily affects young children, typically under the age of five. It develops in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye, and can occur in one or both eyes. Symptoms may include a white reflection in the pupil, crossed eyes, or vision problems. The exact cause of retinoblastoma is often linked to genetic mutations. In some cases, it can be inherited, meaning it runs in families. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes, which may include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy.